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英語句子翻譯技巧的PPT 英語句子翻譯技巧和方法篇一
2018考研英語長(zhǎng)難句翻譯技巧：分句法
長(zhǎng)難句是考研英語翻譯和閱讀中常見的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，是考生必須要攻克的壁壘之一。攻克長(zhǎng)難句的指導(dǎo)思想就是拆分解讀，需要考生配合相應(yīng)的一些技巧，本文中要分享的就是長(zhǎng)難句翻譯的分句法，大家理解學(xué)習(xí)。
2018考研英語長(zhǎng)難句翻譯技巧：分句法
分句法，有時(shí)英語長(zhǎng)句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，把長(zhǎng)句的從句或短語化成句子，分開來敘述，為了使語意連貫，有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。例如：
例 number of the young people in the united states who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英語中是一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子，但是如果我們按照原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)死譯，就可能被翻譯成：
沒有閱讀能力的美國(guó)青年人的數(shù)目令人難以相信約為 1/4。這樣，就使得譯文極為不通順，不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因此，我們應(yīng)該把它譯為：大約有 1/4 的美國(guó)青年人沒有閱讀能力，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。
例 sion,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)
分析：在此長(zhǎng)句中，有一個(gè)插入語“it is often said”，三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，還有一個(gè)定語從句，這三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個(gè)句子，但都有獨(dú)立的意義，因此在翻譯時(shí)，可以采用分句法，按照漢語的習(xí)慣把整個(gè)句子分解成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句，結(jié)果為：人們常說，通過電視可以了解時(shí)事，掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。
下面我們?cè)倥e一個(gè)例子：
例 they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考題)
他們所必須做的只是按一下開關(guān)。開關(guān)一開，就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇，以及
其他各種各樣的文藝節(jié)目。至于政治問題的辯論、最近的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽更是不在話下。
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例 gh perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.雖然在某處已經(jīng)開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會(huì)發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式，但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個(gè)天然組成部分。
長(zhǎng)難句是考研英語翻譯和閱讀中常見的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，是考生必須要攻克的壁壘之一。攻克長(zhǎng)難句的指導(dǎo)思想就是拆分解讀，需要考生配合相應(yīng)的一些技巧，凱程網(wǎng)考研頻道本文中要分享的就是長(zhǎng)難句翻譯的分句法，大家理解學(xué)習(xí)。
2017考研英語長(zhǎng)難句翻譯技巧：分句法
分句法，有時(shí)英語長(zhǎng)句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，把長(zhǎng)句的從句或短語化成句子，分開來敘述，為了使語意連貫，有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。例如：
例 number of the young people in the united states who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英語中是一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子，但是如果我們按照原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)死譯，就可能被翻譯成：
沒有閱讀能力的美國(guó)青年人的數(shù)目令人難以相信約為 1/4。這樣，就使得譯文極為不通順，不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因此，我們應(yīng)該把它譯為：大約有 1/4 的美國(guó)青年人沒有閱讀能力，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。
例 sion,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)
分析：在此長(zhǎng)句中，有一個(gè)插入語“it is often said”，三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，還有一個(gè)定語從句，這三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個(gè)句子，但都有獨(dú)立的意義，因此在翻譯時(shí)，可以采用分句法，按照漢語的習(xí)慣把整個(gè)句子分解成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句，結(jié)果為：人們常說，通過電視可以了解時(shí)事，掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。
下面我們?cè)倥e一個(gè)例子：
例 they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考題)2 頁 共 2 頁
他們所必須做的只是按一下開關(guān)。開關(guān)一開，就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇，以及
其他各種各樣的文藝節(jié)目。至于政治問題的辯論、最近的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽更是不在話下。
例 gh perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.雖然在某處已經(jīng)開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會(huì)發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式，但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個(gè)天然組成部分。
其實(shí)看看凱程考研怎么樣，最簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)辦法，看看他們有沒有成功的學(xué)生，最直觀的辦法是到凱程網(wǎng)站，上面有大量學(xué)員經(jīng)驗(yàn)談視頻，這些都是凱程扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的輔導(dǎo)案例，其他機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站幾乎沒有考上學(xué)生的視頻，這就是凱程和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，凱程是扎實(shí)輔導(dǎo)、嚴(yán)格管理、規(guī)范教學(xué)取得如此優(yōu)秀的成績(jī)。
辨別凱程和其他機(jī)構(gòu)誰靠譜的辦法。
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英語句子翻譯技巧的PPT 英語句子翻譯技巧和方法篇二
英語長(zhǎng)句子翻譯技巧
對(duì)于每一個(gè)英語句子的翻譯, 并不只是使用一種翻譯方法, 而是多種翻譯方法的綜合運(yùn)用, 這在英語長(zhǎng)句的翻譯中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出。長(zhǎng)句在科技性的文體中的出現(xiàn)極為頻繁, 因此也就成為研究生入學(xué)考試的重點(diǎn), 通過對(duì)近年來試題的分析我們可以看出, 所考查的絕大多數(shù)劃線的部分都是長(zhǎng)句。在翻譯長(zhǎng)句時(shí), 首先，不要因?yàn)榫渥犹L(zhǎng)而產(chǎn)生畏懼心理，因?yàn)椋瑹o論是多么復(fù)雜的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分組成的。其次要弄清英語原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu), 找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及其各層意思, 然后分析幾層意思之間的相互邏輯關(guān)系, 再按照漢語的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式, 正確地譯出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。英語長(zhǎng)句的分析
一般來說, 造成長(zhǎng)句的原因有三方面:(1)修飾語過多;(2)并列成分多;
(3)語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。在分析長(zhǎng)句時(shí)可以采用下面的方法:
(1)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語, 從整體上把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)找出句中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
(3)分析從句和短語的功能, 例如, 是否為主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句等,若是狀語, 它是表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、還是表示條件等等)。
(4)分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關(guān)系, 例如, 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個(gè)等。
(5)注意插入語等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配
英語習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念, 而漢語則不同,常常使用若干短句, 作層次分明的敘述。因此, 在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí), 要特別注意英語和漢語之間的差異, 將英語的長(zhǎng)句分解, 翻譯成漢語的短句。在英語長(zhǎng)句的翻譯過程中, 我們一般采取下列的方法。
(1)順序法。當(dāng)英語長(zhǎng)句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時(shí), 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。
（2)逆序法。英語有些長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時(shí)必須從原文后面開始翻譯。
(3)分句法。有時(shí)英語長(zhǎng)句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切, 翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣, 把長(zhǎng)句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。
(4)綜合法。上面我們講述了英語長(zhǎng)句的逆序法、順序法和分句法, 事實(shí)上,在翻譯一個(gè)英語長(zhǎng)句時(shí), 并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法, 而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用, 這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)。尤其是在一些情況下, 一些英語長(zhǎng)句單純采用上述任何一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析, 或按照時(shí)間的先后,或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結(jié)合, 主次分明地對(duì)全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語句子。
英語句子翻譯技巧的PPT 英語句子翻譯技巧和方法篇三
英語長(zhǎng)句子的翻譯
一、英語長(zhǎng)句的分析
一般來說, 造成長(zhǎng)句的原因有三方面:(1)修飾語過多;(2)并列成分多;(3)語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。在分析長(zhǎng)句時(shí)可以采用下面的方法:
(1)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語, 從整體上把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)找出句中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
(3)分析從句和短語的功能, 例如, 是否為主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句等,若是狀語, 它是表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、還是表示條件等等)。
(4)分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關(guān)系, 例如, 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個(gè)等。
(5)注意插入語等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。
下面我們結(jié)合一些實(shí)例來進(jìn)行分析:
orists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析:(1)該句的主語為behaviorists, 謂語為suggest, 賓語為一個(gè)從句, 因此整個(gè)句子為behaviorist suggest that-clause 結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)該句共有五個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 它們的謂語動(dòng)詞分別為suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 這五個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系為: behaviorist suggest that-clause 結(jié)構(gòu)為主句;who is raised in an environment為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為child;where there are many stimuli為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為environment;which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses為定語從句, 所修飾的先行詞為stimuli;在suggest的賓語從句中, 主語為child, 謂語為experience, 賓語為greater intellectual development.在作了如上的分析之后, 我們就會(huì)對(duì)該句具有了一個(gè)較為透徹的理解, 然后根據(jù)我們上面所講述的各種翻譯方法, 就可以把該句翻譯成漢語為:
行為主義者認(rèn)為, 如果兒童的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素, 這些因素又有利于其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展, 那么, 兒童的智力就會(huì)發(fā)展到較高的水平。
a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.(85年考題)
分析:(1)該句的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)為it is more … to do sth than to do sth else.是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu), 而且是在兩個(gè)不定式之間進(jìn)行比較。
(2)該句中共有三個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 它們之間的關(guān)系為: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 為主體結(jié)構(gòu), 但it是形式主語, 真正的主語為第二個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu): to sit comfortably at home, 并與第三個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比較。
(3)句首的for a family of four作狀語, 表示條件。另外, 還有兩個(gè)介詞短語作插入語: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二個(gè)介詞短語作伴隨狀語, 修飾to sit comfortably at home.綜合上述翻譯方法，這個(gè)句子我們可以翻譯為：
譬如, 對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家來說, 舒舒服服地在家中看電視, 就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的娛樂節(jié)目, 這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、長(zhǎng)句的翻譯
英語習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念, 而漢語則不同,常常使用若干短句, 作層次分明的敘述。因此, 在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí), 要特別注意英語和漢語之間的差異, 將英語的長(zhǎng)句分解, 翻譯成漢語的短句。在英語長(zhǎng)句的翻譯過程中, 我們一般采取下列的方法。
(1)順序法。當(dāng)英語長(zhǎng)句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時(shí), 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。例如:
when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.(84年考題)
分析: 該句子由一個(gè)主句, 三個(gè)作伴隨狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞以及位于句首的時(shí)間狀語從句組成, 共有五層意思: a.既使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí);b.電仍在為我們工作;c.幫我們開動(dòng)電冰箱;d.加熱水;e.或是室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。上述五層意思的邏輯關(guān)系以及表達(dá)的順序與漢語完全一致, 因此, 我們可以通過順序法, 把該句翻譯成:
即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí), 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動(dòng)電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.(84年考題)分析: 該句的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)為“it is realized that…”, it為形式主語, that引導(dǎo)著主語從句以及并列的it is even possible to …結(jié)構(gòu), 其中, 不定式作主語, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位語, 進(jìn)一步解釋其含義, 而time后面的句子是它的定語從句。五個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 表達(dá)了四個(gè)層次的意義: a.可是現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到;b.其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的;c.人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”;d.將這些已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡的時(shí)間。根據(jù)同位語從句的翻譯方法, 把第四層意義的表達(dá)作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整, 整個(gè)句子就翻譯為:
可是現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到, 其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的, 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”, 也就是說, 經(jīng)過若干年后, 這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡。
下面我們?cè)倭信e幾個(gè)實(shí)例:
to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique inspaniduals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世紀(jì)以前, 小說中的婦女像都是一個(gè)模式。她們沒有任何特點(diǎn), 因而無法成為具有個(gè)性的人;他們還要屈從于由男性主宰的文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)加給他們的種種束縛。
method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
這種使用參照物的方法可以應(yīng)用于許多種情況, 也能用來找到很不相同的各種問題的答案, 從“鐵生銹, 是否必須有一定的濕度才行?”到“哪種豆類一季的產(chǎn)量最高?”
begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event;it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures;it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我們對(duì)歷史的愛好起源于我們最初僅對(duì)一些歷史上的宏偉場(chǎng)面和激動(dòng)人心的事件感到孩童般的興趣;其后, 這種愛好變得成熟起來, 我們開始對(duì)歷史這出“戲劇”的多樣性和復(fù)雜性, 對(duì)歷史上的輝煌成就和悲壯失敗也感興趣;對(duì)歷史的愛好, 最終以我們對(duì)人類生命的一種深沉的神秘感而告結(jié)束。對(duì)死去的, 無論是偉大與平凡, 所有在這個(gè)地球上走過而已逝的人，都有能取得偉大奇跡或制造可怕事件的潛力。
parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.如果做父母的對(duì)這種青少年的反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備, 而且認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)顯示出孩子正在成長(zhǎng), 正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨(dú)立的判斷力的標(biāo)志, 他們就不會(huì)感到如此傷心, 所以也就不會(huì)因?qū)Υ擞袘嵑藓头磳?duì)的情緒而把孩子推到對(duì)立面去。
(2)逆序法。英語有些長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時(shí)必須從原文后面開始翻譯。例如:
um remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.分析: 這個(gè)句子由一個(gè)主句, 兩個(gè)原因狀語和一個(gè)定語從句, “鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)”是主句, 也是全句的中心內(nèi)容, 全句共有四個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 共有五層意思: a.鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn);b.由于在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁;c.由于它總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起;d.最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;e.鋁跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力。按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣通常因在前, 果在后, 這樣, 我們可以逆著原文的順序把該句翻譯成:
鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力, 由于這個(gè)原因, 在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以, 鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析: 該句由一個(gè)主句, 一個(gè)條件狀語從句和一個(gè)賓語從句組成, “……變得越來越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心內(nèi)容, 全句共有三個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 包含三層含義: a.……變的越來越重要;b.如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們的機(jī)會(huì);c.得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導(dǎo)。為了使譯文符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣, 我們也采用逆序法, 翻譯成:
因此, 如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們(上大學(xué))的機(jī)會(huì), 就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導(dǎo)。這個(gè)問題顯得越來越重要了。
下面我們?cè)倥e幾個(gè)實(shí)例:
is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning english seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型, 再往下學(xué)似乎就越來越難了, 這其中的原因, 也許教師比學(xué)生更容易理解。
(the poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.對(duì)于以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動(dòng), 因此首先體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。
例5.a great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the united states the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)任何人都不可能視而不見的現(xiàn)象, 窮知識(shí)分子以“跨掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國(guó)典型的窮人, 正是這個(gè)時(shí)候大批大學(xué)生被趕進(jìn)了知識(shí)分子的貧民窟。
is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位, 這在西方倒是人之常情。
s would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如沒有那些以昆蟲為食的動(dòng)物保護(hù)我們, 昆蟲將吞噬我們所有的莊稼, 害死我們的牛羊家畜, 使我們不能生存于世。
(3)分句法。有時(shí)英語長(zhǎng)句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切, 翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣, 把長(zhǎng)句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。例如:
number of the young people in the united states who can't read is incredible about one in four.上句在英語中是一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子, 但是如果我們按照原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)死譯, 就可能被翻譯成:
沒有閱讀能力的美國(guó)青年人的數(shù)目令人難以相信約為1/4。
這樣, 就使得譯文極為不通順, 不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣, 因此, 我們應(yīng)該把它譯為: 大約有1/4的美國(guó)青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。
sion, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85年考題)分析: 在此長(zhǎng)句中, 有一個(gè)插入語“it is often said”, 三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu), 還有一個(gè)定語從句, 這三個(gè)并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個(gè)句子,但都有獨(dú)立的意義, 因此在翻譯時(shí), 可以采用分句法, 按照漢語的習(xí)慣把整個(gè)句子分解成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句, 結(jié)果為:
人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時(shí)事, 掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。
下面我們?cè)倥e一個(gè)例子:
they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85年考題)
他們所必須做的只是按一下開關(guān)。開關(guān)一開, 就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇, 以及其他各種各樣的文藝節(jié)目。至于政治問題的辯論、最近的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽更是不在話下。
gh perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.雖然在某處已經(jīng)開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會(huì)發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個(gè)天然組成部分。
(4)綜合法。上面我們講述了英語長(zhǎng)句的逆序法、順序法和分句法, 事實(shí)上,在翻譯一個(gè)英語長(zhǎng)句時(shí), 并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法, 而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用, 這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)。尤其是在一些情況下, 一些英語長(zhǎng)句單純采用上述任何一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析, 或按照時(shí)間的先后, 或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結(jié)合, 主次分明地對(duì)全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語句子。例如:
were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.分析: 該句共有三層含義: a: 人們不敢出門;b: 盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況;c: 警察也和其他人一樣不知所措和無能為力。在這三層含義中, b表示讓步, c表示原因, 而a則表示結(jié)果, 按照漢語習(xí)慣順序, 我們作如下的安排:
盡管警察已接到命令, 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況, 但人們不敢出門, 因?yàn)榫煲埠推渌艘粯硬恢牒蜔o能為力。
下面我們?cè)倥e幾個(gè)例子:
scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.對(duì)于現(xiàn)代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內(nèi)容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實(shí)和新發(fā)現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展的話, 那么就應(yīng)該每隔較短的時(shí)間, 將書中的內(nèi)容重新修改。
his cue from ibsen's a doll's house, in which the heroine, nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer lu xun warned that nora would need money to support herself;she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的劇作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉離家出走, 因?yàn)樗鲪核恼煞蛳駥?duì)待孩子一樣來對(duì)待她。作家魯迅從中得到啟示, 從而告誡人們娜拉得需要錢來養(yǎng)活自己, 她要生存就必須有經(jīng)濟(jì)上的權(quán)利。
to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.到目前為止, 經(jīng)歷了18和19兩個(gè)世紀(jì), 這種新的傾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、商業(yè)往來、政府部門以及娛樂場(chǎng)所都集中在城市的中心地區(qū)。
英語句子翻譯技巧的PPT 英語句子翻譯技巧和方法篇四
課本(4~7)unit4 volunteers sent by the red cross disinfected , with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague 紅十字會(huì)派遣的志愿人員非常小心的對(duì)村里的飲用水進(jìn)行消毒，以避免爆發(fā)瘟疫 in spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.愛因斯坦用了多年時(shí)間試圖把電磁學(xué)理論和引力理論結(jié)合起來，但沒有成功 sor wang received / won the presidential award fro his excellence in stimulating students’ creative imagination.因其在激發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造想象力方面的出色表現(xiàn)，王教授獲得了校長(zhǎng)獎(jiǎng)
there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic stimulus package.因存在一些設(shè)計(jì)上的重大缺陷，董事會(huì)沒有同意那個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃
realized that nobody could help him, jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and meet the challenge by himself.喬丹意識(shí)到?jīng)]人能給他幫助，終于得出結(jié)論他必須面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，獨(dú)自接受挑戰(zhàn) unit5 a took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.奶奶想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為糧價(jià)要漲，所以買了許多大米
2.i can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.我可以給你引用幾個(gè)例子來說明她獻(xiàn)身科學(xué)的精神
1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in china.20世紀(jì)80年代中國(guó)一些經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)開始迅速發(fā)展起來
4．tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.兩國(guó)關(guān)系的緊張部分是由最近的間諜事件引起的
has worked in a law firm for many can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.彼得已在一家律師事務(wù)所當(dāng)了多年律師，你可以考慮請(qǐng)他做你的律師，當(dāng)你需要法律援助時(shí)，由他代你行事 unit6 red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.這座紅房子在參天古樹的映襯下十分奪目
salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, i’m not satisfied.我的新工作薪酬很高，但是其它方面我并不滿意 waters of the two streams mingle near our village.兩條溪流的水在我們村子附近匯合了
should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑別人的宗教信仰
curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.這間房間的窗簾同家具的風(fēng)格不太協(xié)調(diào) unit7 i.i grew terribly scared when i heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.昨天半夜我聽到腳步聲在過道在過道里回蕩，心里害怕極了 name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.這些名牌運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋保穿12個(gè)月
orms threw communications and transportation into disorder.雪暴使交通運(yùn)輸陷入混亂
4.i’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, i feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.我最近工作壓力很大，我想去海邊度假
in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations---for example, you don’t have your own gardens.住公寓不錯(cuò)，但有其局限———比如說，沒有自家花園
課課練(4~7)unit4 than five million children have gotten health insurance in the last 4 years,（超過三百萬的家庭已經(jīng)擺脫貧困）more than three million families have been lifted out of poverty. appearance of e-business and the fast-growing internet economy are(為中國(guó)的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易提供了新的增長(zhǎng)機(jī)遇)providing new growth opportunities for china*s import and export trade have many reasons to believe(一個(gè)更加光明美好的未來在等著我們)a better and brighter future is awaiting us the board members,except the president,voted for my proposal（除董事長(zhǎng)之外的所有董事會(huì)成員都投票贊成我的建議）to set up a branch office on the outskirts of town stead of going skiing(孩子們沒有去滑雪),the children went skating last 5 people laughted at her,but after a while(他們開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待她了)they atebegan to take her seriously thought that life was just(一連串無休止的聚會(huì))an endless succession of parties was so tired that(她不能將注意力集中在工作上)she couldn*t concentrate on her work
has worked in the company for ten years,and(為公司的發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn))has made an important contribution to the company*s development response to the pressure of the economic crisis（在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的壓力下），many companies began to dismiss 6 *t get involved in love games too if(要是……該是怎么辦)you suffer from failure in love? car(盡給我添麻煩)has brought me nothing but troubles ever since ibought not to breathe in/trying to avoid breading in(努力不吸入)the vapor,thomas turned his for his wife*s encouragement,he(就不能發(fā)明那個(gè)機(jī)器)would have been unable to invent/could not have invented the machine isn*t until we have the approval from the authority concerned(直到得到有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn))that we can start the 7 could not have missed our train(我們是不會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車的)if we had set off half an hour sooner had she entered the room,(電話鈴就響了)when the telephone rang t you help(我們是不能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的)we could not have finished our task in time are sure to pass the exam(只要你刻苦學(xué)習(xí)),as long as you work hard new bridge(正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中)is under construction
英語句子翻譯技巧的PPT 英語句子翻譯技巧和方法篇五
背離傳統(tǒng)it takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.湯姆過去tom used to be very shy,but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.很多教育家many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.假設(shè)那幅名畫assuming this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
如果這些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)if the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.該公司否認(rèn)the company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.每當(dāng)他生氣whenever he was angry ,he would begin to stammer slightly.背離傳統(tǒng)it takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.湯姆過去tom used to be very shy,but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.很多教育家many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.假設(shè)那幅名畫assuming this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
如果這些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)if the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.該公司否認(rèn)the company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.每當(dāng)他生氣whenever he was angry ,he would begin to stammer slightly.背離傳統(tǒng)it takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.湯姆過去tom used to be very shy,but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.很多教育家many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.假設(shè)那幅名畫assuming this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
如果這些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)if the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.該公司否認(rèn)the company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.每當(dāng)他生氣whenever he was angry ,he would begin to stammer slightly.背離傳統(tǒng)it takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.湯姆過去tom used to be very shy,but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.很多教育家many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.假設(shè)那幅名畫assuming this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
如果這些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)if the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.該公司否認(rèn)the company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.每當(dāng)他生氣whenever he was angry ,he would begin to stammer slightly.教cherished tradition in our 育是我們education is the most s ’at expensive restaurants,but sent me to why my parents never took me to dinner the best private school.手術(shù)康復(fù)the shortly to surgery,he lost after his he job recovered and thus from had his through another difficult phase of 與我們的neighbors,my in contrast to our affluent poor parents are our minimal needs.,but they have always tried to rather meet 科學(xué)家們water on mars?
have scientist found proof of 計(jì)劃委員會(huì)narrowed the nuclear power plant to two coastal down the planning committee has the possible locations for towns.山姆不僅also for the rest of his sam not only lost his job but legs;he had to live on welfare 由十二人voted in unison that mary was guilty.a jury consisting of 12 members 聽到有人talent being felt humiliated to hear his 研究表明bring a lot of health ch shows that laughter can 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)is really annoying.a show internet connection speed 法someone commit suicide is a crime.律規(guī)定as the law stands ,helping 瑪interpret 麗在in different her data report from ,mary a completely tries to 蘇是一個(gè)amazing memory sets her apart from her sue is a girl of great classmates.是工人和dedication it is the creativity and the that of the the company workers into and a executives profitable 食medicine have soared in the past three 品和醫(yī)藥the prices of food and months.我們打算floors of the office plan to repaint the upper 他popularity and artistic merit sometimes 的成功his success shows that coincide.我不愿意grandmother lying in a hospital bed and i don’t want to see my beloved groaning painfully.教cherished tradition in our 育是我們education is the most s ’at expensive restaurants,but sent me to why my parents never took me to dinner the best private school.手術(shù)康復(fù)the shortly to surgery,he lost after his he job recovered and thus from had his through another difficult phase of 與我們的neighbors,my in contrast to our affluent poor parents are our minimal needs.,but they have always tried to rather meet 科學(xué)家們water on mars?
have scientist found proof of 計(jì)劃委員會(huì)narrowed the nuclear power plant to two coastal down the planning committee has the possible locations for towns.山姆不僅also for the rest of his sam not only lost his job but legs;he had to live on welfare 由十二人voted in unison that mary was guilty.a jury consisting of 12 members 聽到有人talent being felt humiliated to hear his 研究表明bring a lot of health ch shows that laughter can 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)is really annoying.a show internet connection speed 法someone commit suicide is a crime.律規(guī)定as the law stands ,helping 瑪interpret 麗在in different her data report from ,mary a completely tries to 蘇是一個(gè)amazing memory sets her apart from her sue is a girl of great classmates.是工人和dedication it is the creativity and the that of the the company workers into and a executives profitable 食medicine have soared in the past three 品和醫(yī)藥the prices of food and months.我們打算floors of the office plan to repaint the upper 他popularity and artistic merit sometimes 的成功his success shows that coincide.我不愿意grandmother lying in a hospital bed and i don’t want to see my beloved groaning painfully.教cherished tradition in our 育是我們education is the most s ’at expensive restaurants,but sent me to why my parents never took me to dinner the best private school.手術(shù)康復(fù)the shortly to surgery,he lost after his he job recovered and thus from had his through another difficult phase of 與我們的neighbors,my in contrast to our affluent poor parents are our minimal needs.,but they have always tried to rather meet 科學(xué)家們water on mars?
have scientist found proof of 計(jì)劃委員會(huì)narrowed the nuclear power plant to two coastal down the planning committee has the possible locations for towns.山姆不僅also for the rest of his sam not only lost his job but legs;he had to live on welfare 由十二人voted in unison that mary was guilty.a jury consisting of 12 members 聽到有人talent being felt humiliated to hear his 研究表明bring a lot of health ch shows that laughter can 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)is really annoying.a show internet connection speed 法someone commit suicide is a crime.律規(guī)定as the law stands ,helping 瑪interpret 麗在in different her data report from ,mary a completely tries to 蘇是一個(gè)amazing memory sets her apart from her sue is a girl of great classmates.是工人和dedication it is the creativity and the that of the the company workers into and a executives profitable 食medicine have soared in the past three 品和醫(yī)藥the prices of food and months.我們打算floors of the office plan to repaint the upper 他popularity and artistic merit sometimes 的成功his success shows that coincide.我不愿意grandmother lying in a hospital bed and i don’t want to see my beloved groaning painfully.教cherished tradition in our 育是我們education is the most s ’at expensive restaurants,but sent me to why my parents never took me to dinner the best private school.手術(shù)康復(fù)the shortly to surgery,he lost after his he job recovered and thus from had his through another difficult phase of 與我們的neighbors,my in contrast to our affluent poor parents are our minimal needs.,but they have always tried to rather meet 科學(xué)家們water on mars?
have scientist found proof of 計(jì)劃委員會(huì)narrowed the nuclear power plant to two coastal down the planning committee has the possible locations for towns.山姆不僅also for the rest of his sam not only lost his job but legs;he had to live on welfare 由十二人voted in unison that mary was guilty.a jury consisting of 12 members 聽到有人talent being felt humiliated to hear his 研究表明bring a lot of health ch shows that laughter can 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)is really annoying.a show internet connection speed 法someone commit suicide is a crime.律規(guī)定as the law stands ,helping 瑪interpret 麗在in different her data report from ,mary a completely tries to 蘇是一個(gè)amazing memory sets her apart from her sue is a girl of great classmates.是工人和dedication it is the creativity and the that of the the company workers into and a executives profitable 食medicine have soared in the past three 品和醫(yī)藥the prices of food and months.我們打算floors of the office plan to repaint the upper 他popularity and artistic merit sometimes 的成功his success shows that coincide.我不愿意grandmother lying in a hospital bed and i don’t want to see my beloved groaning painfully.
