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A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion

that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species.

The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were

examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to

modern elephants-the Asian elephant, African forest elephant,and African savanna elephant.

Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons,

the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and

mammoths.

The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and

the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence

of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly

mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.

There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate

species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different

species.

Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest

elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size

differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so

different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However the proof lay in the

analysis of the DNA.

Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of

Illinois, said, "We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for

conservation purposes.Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.

Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(優先) for conservation purposes."

1. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of________.

A. the Asian elephant

B. the forest elephant

C. the savanna elephant

D. the mastodon elephant

2. The underlined word"divergence" in Paragraph 4 means "________"．

A. evolution

B. exhibition

C. separation

D. examination

3. The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's________.

A. DNA

B. height

C. weight

D. population

4. What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?

A. The conservation of African elephants.

B. The purpose of studying African elephants.

C. The way to divide African elephants into two units.

D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants.